Diamond is a crystal modification of pure carbon formed in the depths of the Earth (in the upper mantle at depths greater than 80-100 kilometers) at an highly high temperature and pressure. It is the most rare and precious stone, the most solid and durable mineral, the most fantastic and not branch to time gem.
This gem is known to humanity more than 5000 years. In ancient times it played a subordinate role of an adornment, since it could not be handled. It was mostly used for grinding and handling of other stones. Nevertheless, it was mentioned in the Scriptures as a treasure of the king of Tyre; in a estimate of recent transfers - as a stone of the high clergyman Aaron.
Diamond
Extraordinary properties of diamond have contributed to numerous legends and superstitions. In ancient times there was a deep belief that it was impossible to break it on an anvil using a hammer because of its hardness - more likely a hummer would be destroyed and an anvil would go into the ground. Nobody knows how many of this precious gem were shattered before population made sure that this was just a fiction.
Only diamond has an ability to radiate a spectacular, light and to send light rays of the rainbow's spectrum at the slightest turn. Especially in this stone it is particularly pronounced dispersion of light due to a sharp change in the refractive indices of the rays of different colors - the visible spectrum extends in the broad animated strip and many facets of a diamond may reflect different spectrum's parts. But it requires all the skill of an experienced jeweler or graver to ensure such a location of faces (minimum 58) at which diamond would be revealed in all its glory. Due to total internal reflection of light in a faceted stone and its great dispersion, we can see this play of colors.
Since ancient times, diamonds are classified by color. World association of Diamond Bourses set 11 color groups. And till nowadays the color of a stone has been playing a foremost role. Quite colorless (pure water) or slightly bluish kinds of diamonds are very highly regarded. They have nearly 25% of all jewelry finds. The most of jewelry diamonds are faintly yellowish, brownish and other same stains. In general, it reduces the value of diamonds. Natural deep colors - pink, red, green, orange and blue significantly growth their value, and any other precious stones are not comparable with them on the brilliance and beauty.
The calculate of a diamond's color is an occurrence of nitrogen, boron, oxygen and other impurities in a crystal lattice, as well as its flaws. Natural colored diamonds cost much. For example, Paul the First paid 100,000 rubles for a small jewel of reddish-pink color, the same estimate at the time a herd of 20 thousand cows was worth. The pink diamond "Agra" - the largest diamond of this color ever put up for an auction was sold for... 6.96 million dollars on the preponderant Christie's Auction (32.24 carats).
Diamond has long been a symbol of power and high social status, wealth and innocence, prosperity and courage, loyalty and constancy. In Eastern beliefs it represents chastity and purity, invincibility and good fortune. It gives the courage and strength of character, protects from enemies and all kinds of quarrels, oaths, curses and slander, enhances reasoning acuity. Diamond can safe its owner from negative work on from the outside, improve company action and give pride, put on love and joy. It guarantees success in the endeavors for population with a strong will, but can't resist the diabolical bewitchment with the frailness of the spirit of its owner.
According to the concepts of the Turks and Persians, the faithful contemplation of the diamond disperses sadness, melancholy, makes a man penetrating, and improves mood. This gem helps from hypochondria, acrimony and fiery temper, it could give abstinence and chastity, lightning protection, make the thrill of wild animals. Diamond destroys toxins and mists when being close to them. Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, always kept a diamond with her fearing poison, in the belief that it was able to detect it.
To strengthen the force of the gem, you must give it with all your heart: in the Lapidarium of Xvi century it is written that a diamond must be obtained freely, without coercion and violence, then it has the greatest effect. However, it often happens that a good diamond loses its force because of a sin and debauchery of a man who wears it. The greatest healing and efficiency has a diamond that was obtained as a gift or inherited. A gemstone with internal defects, stains and cracks is considered unlucky or even fatal.
The mystery of the brilliant
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